What is Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as diabetes, is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. It occurs when the pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces.

There are several types of diabetes:

1. Type 1 Diabetes: This type occurs when the immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Consequently, the body produces little to no insulin. Type 1 diabetes usually develops during childhood or adolescence, although it can occur at any age.

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3. Type 2 Diabetes: This is the most common type of diabetes, usually occurring in adults. In type 2 diabetes, the body either resists the effects of insulin or doesn't produce enough insulin to maintain normal glucose levels. It is often associated with obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and genetic factors.

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5. Gestational Diabetes: Gestational diabetes develops during pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth. However, women who develop gestational diabetes have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

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7. Other Specific Types: There are other specific types of diabetes, such as genetic defects in insulin action or secretion, diseases of the pancreas, and drug-induced diabetes.

Common symptoms of diabetes include increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow wound healing. If left untreated or poorly managed, diabetes can lead to serious complications such as cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, nerve damage, and vision loss.

Treatment typically involves lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes, regular exercise, monitoring blood sugar levels, and medication. In type 1 diabetes, insulin therapy is necessary to control blood sugar levels. In type 2 diabetes, treatment may involve oral medications, insulin injections, or other injectable medications. Early detection, proper management, and lifestyle changes are crucial in preventing complications associated with diabetes.